The Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environmental Education and Research (BVIEER) has commenced a study on echolocation calls of 30 different species of insectivorous bats found in the Western Ghats and other areas of Maharashtra. The study will be undertaken using bat detectors.
There are no baseline records of the echolocation frequencies for Indian bat species. The release of ultrasound frequency bats rely on to catch their prey is called the echolocation. The frequency of emission varies from species to species.
A bat develops sharp reflexes to sense the size, direction, shape, distance, and motion through echolocation. Bats can detect event the fine objects measuring the width of human hair.
The observations and the conclusions of the study will prove useful in the identification of the important areas for bat conservation and in eliminating threats to their survival.
Rs 28 lakh have been sanctioned by the Department of Science and Technology for the study. Bat species are an integral part of the ecosystem; yet very little is known about their ecology.
Kranti Yardi, faculty at the institute while talking to the correspondents said, “The baseline data once developed by BVIEER for each species will help conduct various studies on insectivorous bats in India. The study will help understand the ecology of different species and factors affecting the bat population and their roosting habits.”
Yardi explained how the noseleaf and ears of insectivorous bats are adapted to send out frequencies. Bats then catch them with the help of the ears. This helps them find the prey.
Echolocation or ultrasound detection field technique is a tool used in the conservation projects to understand the ecology of various species. Bat detectors are widely used by foreign researchers to study the habitat use of different species.
Bats are nocturnal and flying mammals and hence their identification and role in a particular habitat is a difficult topic for study.
Ultrasonic bat detectors and software will be used in this entire endeavor. Bat detectors emit calls in audible frequency that makes the identification of the species easier. The software analyzes these frequencies and will help a great deal in preparing a database of calls for various bat species in the Western Ghats.
“We have no information on species specific to forest dwelling, or the impact due to degraded forest area. Bats require moist conditions and they are sensitive to humidity. Climate change has brought a longer dry season and decrease in humidity. Hence, it is important to study the impact,” added Yardi.
- Yogesh Sapre
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